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The Gambia Colony and Protectorate was part of the British Empire in the New Imperialism era. The colony was the immediate area surrounding Bathurst, and the protectorate the inland territory situated around the Gambia River, which was declared in 1894. The foundation of the colony was Fort James and Bathurst, where British presence was established in 1815 and 1816, respectively. For various periods in its existence it was subordinate to the Sierra Leone colony, however by 1888 it was a colony in its own right with a permanently appointed Governor. The boundaries of the territory were an issue of contention between the British and French authorities due to the proximity to French Senegal;. this was resolved in 1889. Additionally, on numerous occasions the British government had attempted to exchange it with France for other territories, such as on the upper Niger River.〔Thomas Pakenham (1991), ''The Scramble for Africa''. London: Abacus. p. 675〕 The colony ended in 1965 when Gambia became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations,〔Gambia Independence Act 1964, c. 93〕 with Dawda Jawara as Prime Minister. ==Economy== The economy of the Gambia, like other African countries at the time, was very heavily orientated towards agriculture. Reliance on the groundnut became so strong that it made up almost the entirety of exports, making the economy vulnerable. Groundnuts were the only commodity subject to export duties The export duties resulted in the illegal smuggling of the product to French Senegal. Attempts were made to increase production of other goods for export: the Gambian Poultry Scheme pioneered by the Colonial Development Corporation aimed to produce twenty million eggs and one million lb of dressed poultry a year. The conditions in the Gambia proved unfavourable and typhoid killed much of the chicken stock, drawing criticism to the Corporation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gambia Colony and Protectorate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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